A B S T R A C T Tourism as a socio-economic activity plays an essential role in the economic, social, Physical, and cultural dimensions of rural settlements in developing countries, which can have significant impacts on rural Physical Identity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of tourism on the Identity changes of rural settlements in Oraman area of Sarvabad Township in Kurdistan province. Therefore, the present study questions 1. What is the relationship between tourism development and rural Identity changes in the study area? What are the most critical factors influencing the Physical development of rural settlements? He answers. The present study is a descriptive-analytical based on data collection using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of 7 villages located in the Dezli-Hajij communication axis in Oraman District based on population and housing census data of 1395 with 1572 households and 306 households were selected using Cochran formula. One-sample t-test and factor analysis were used for data analysis. The findings of the study showed that tourism development in the sample villages in terms of continuity over time such as housing construction quality (3/67), sanitation (3/39) and land-use changes (3/78) and unity and plurality such as Design and style of housing architecture (3/01) and public transit architecture (3/23) and then differentiation and homogeneity such as proportionality with rural life (3/58) and rurality or location (3/43) have a positive impact on the Physical dimensions of rural settlements in the region. The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that tourism development plays a vital role in the development of rural Physical Identity in the region. So that the proportion of rural life with a specific amount of 13/6 and 27% of the total variance had the most influence among the factors Extended Abstract Introduction  As an important socio-economic activity in local and regional development, tourism has a high potential for political, social, and economic changes in communities. Scholars widely regard it as the engine of development. Today, rural areas in developing countries face various economic, social, and environmental challenges. Planners need to pay more attention to complementary sectors of agricultural activities such as the development of handicrafts, food industries, and tourism because agriculture is now retreating from its hegemonic position in some rural areas. Therefore, tourism as one of the essential approaches to rural development has multiple effects on the socio-economic dimensions of rural areas. Tourism can play a vital role in shaping spaces, reconfiguring and rebuilding processes, creating new socio-economic opportunities in less-developed rural areas,  and leads to changes in the Physical dimensions and Physical Identity of the villages.   Methodology This study aims to investigate the role of tourism development in the Physical Identity of  rural settlements located in the Dezley-Hajij road axis in Oraman County (Sarvabad Township- Kurdistan province) in western Iran. This applied study methodology of research was based on analytical– descriptive methods using questionnaires. After the survey of theoretical bases, the questionnaire was set using a Likert spectrum and distributed randomly among the sample. The statistical population of this study consisted of 1572 households residing in the villages of Daraki (Dezli County), Veisiyan and Kamaleh (Oraman County), Belbar, Jivar, Celin, and Novin (Shalyar County), with a sample of 306 was selected by Cochran formula. A questionnaire was further validated by an academic panel of experts in the field of research. Cronbach's alpha determined its reliability, which was up to 0.890 for measured indexes. The data were analyzed by One sample T-test and Factor   analysis tests in the SPSS software package.    Results and discussion To investigate the role of tourism activities in the Physical Identity change of rural settlements, the research indices in terms of three components of time continuity (quality of constructions, health, and environmental cleanliness and land-use transformations), unity/multiplicity (Landscape of free passages and the type of architectural style), and differentiation/similarity (proportional to rural life and Compliance with the Physical environment) were classified. The results of the one-sample t-test showed that assuming numerical utility (3 mean spectra), the components of continuity in time, variance, multiplicity, and differentiation and similarity with numerical mean values (3.62), (3.35), and (3.27), respectively. The effect of tourism development is affected, and the difference is positive and means between upper and lower boundaries. There is a significant difference at the 95% level between the components. Evaluation of the importance of tourism in the Physical development of rural settlements from the viewpoint of the respondents using factor analysis statistical test showed that the relevant data according to the KMO coefficient (0.812) is appropriate, and the Bartlett's test is 99% significant. Therefore, 50 variables extracted from the questionnaire were classified into six main factors, namely rural planning and architecture, beautification and environmental hygiene, privacy and road improvement, rural livelihoods, cultural regeneration, and Physical security.   Conclusion Findings based on the utility analysis of indicators indicate the positive impact of tourism development on the development of Physical Identity changes in rural settlements in the study area. Thus, the development of tourism in the villages under study has been able to positively influence the three dimensions of Identity, such as continuity in time, unity and plurality, and differentiation and similarity. Therefore, it can be concluded that tourism development due to its social and economic impacts on the villages has also led to changes in rural Physical Identity. Moreover, hygiene and cleanliness of the rural environment were observed with a numerical mean (3.81) and (3.67), respectively, both of which are indices in the continuity component over time. The results of the data analysis using factor analysis showed that the studied variables had 6% of the total variance in 5% of total variance. Based on the results of this analysis, it can be concluded that tourism development in two factors in terms of continuity in time has the most impact on the Physical Identity of rural settlements at 41%. Thus, planning and architecture of rural housing with 27% of the total variance and beautification and sanitation of the Physical environment with 14% of the total variance have a significant impact on the Physical changes and, consequently, the Physical Identity of the rural settlements. Based on the research findings, the following suggestions can be considered: Strengthening local institutions, such as the Islamic Council and the local managers, in order to promote the use of local patterns in the construction of new instruments to conform to the Physical structure and function of the villages in the region; Management of land use changes on the edge of the village in order to prevent unnecessary Physical changes in the way of preservation and environmental beauty; Prevent the accumulation of pesticides in public passages due to tourism in the area; Improving public beauties and beautifying them using the social and cultural elements of the region.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution The authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest The Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments The authors appreciate to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

در اتصاف مفهوم هویت به شهر، آنچه بحثی مستقل و مستوفایی را طلب می کند، پرسمانی تبعی از کالبد شهر و هویت است، چنانچه طرح مساله ای را بوجود می آورد که هویت شهر تابع کالبد است یا کالبد تابع هویت شهر؟ مقاله با اشاره مختصری به تعاریف در ارتباط با هویت، به واکاوی این پرسش بنیادین با استفاده از روش تحلیلی-توصیفی پرداخته و با رویکردی استدلالی، استنتاجی مقوله بیان شده را واکاوی می کند.نتایج مقاله نشان از آن دارد که هویت شهر، حالتی ذاتی و دروندادی داشته که بر کالبد شهر تاثیر می گذارد، لذا سیمای کالبدی شهرهای وابسته به یک فرهنگ و جهان بینی خاص را از فرهنگ و ساختار اجتماعی دیگر متمایز می کند. در واقع در بستر جریانی دوسویه هویت کالبد شهر شکل می گیرد و پس از شکل گیری، کالبد شهر موجود، باعث استمرار تحولات و بالتبع تغییراتی پویا در مفاهیم و مولفه های هویتی یک سرزمین در بستر تعاملاتی دوسویه می شود.

The problem of personal Identity among others may stem from the following question—what does be the person that you are, from one day to the next, necessarily consist of? The diachronic problem of personal Identity raises question on the necessary and sufficient conditions for the Identity of the person over time. The synchronic problem is grounded in the question of what features or traits characterize a given person at one time. To answer these questions, John Locke discarded the soul and the body as necessary and sufficient substances for personal Identity over time. He accepted consciousness as the only criterion for personal Identity; the only thing capable of remaining the same and preserving personal Identity through change. Though Locke’s argument is somewhat clear and coherent but what remains vague and incoherent is embedded in the question—what exactly is consciousness? How and why should it be the basis or criterion for the determination of personal Identity? Using the method of critical analysis, I argue that Locke’s choice of consciousness as the determinant of personal Identity, though quite novel, is incoherent and vague. Secondly, Locke had already presumed and anticipated clearly though fallaciously the very thing he wishes to substantiate. I therefore conclude that Locke’s argument is just another way of trying to escape but inadvertently prolonging the difficulty of apparently articulating a distinction between the psychological approach and physiological approach to the problem of personal Identity. However, in my submission, I propose the concept of the “other” as alternative approach— a sort of an extrinsic-intrinsic approach to the problem of personal Identity.

1پژوهش حاضر باهدف تاثیر سبک دلبستگی برتنظیم هیجان بانقش میانجی سبک هویت انجام شد. روش پژوهش توصیفی واز نوع تحلیل معادلات ساختاری بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش را کلیه دانش آموزان دوره دوم متوسطه شهر کاشان درسال تحصیلی1401-1400 بودند،که500نفر  به روش خوشه ای تصادفی انتخاب شدند. داده ها براساس سه پرسشنامه سیاهه تنظیم هیجانی Gross & Jan (2003)،مقیاس سبک هویت(6G-ISI)وپرسشنامه سبک دلبستگی Collins and Reid ( 1990) ، جمع آوری شد. داده ها به روش مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری و بااستفاده از نرم افزار لیزرل 8.8 و26 spss. تجزیه وتحلیل گردید.براساس نتایج سبک دلبستگی ایمن در سطح معنی داری 01/0 سبک دلبستگی اجتنابی در سطح معنی داری 05/0 ، سبک دلبستگی دوسوگرا در سطح معنی داری 01/0 ، به صورت مستقیم تنظیم هیجان را پیش بینی کردند. از بین سه دلبستگی، سبک دلبستگی ایمن در سطح معنی داری01/0 ، با میانجی گری سبک های هویت تنظیم هیجان را پیش بینی کرد. سبک هویتی اطلاعاتی در سطح معنی داری 01/0 ، سبک هویتی سردرگم در سطح معنی داری 05/0 ، به صورت مستقیم تنظیم هیجان را پیش بینی کردند.   از بین سه دلبستگی، فقط سبک دلبستگی ایمن در سطح معنی داری01/0 ، نقش معنی داری در پیش بینی سبک هویتی هنجاری داشت.با توجه به نتایج این مطالعه، تنظیم هیجان یکی از مهمترین سازه های روانشناسی تربیتی و عامل مهمی در تعیین سلامت روانی وداشتن عملکرد موفق در تحصیل است که عوامل مؤثر بر تنظیم هیجان و پیشایندهای آن شناسایی بایدشود. برنامه ریزی جهت آموزش وبرگزاری کارگاههای آموزشی دراین زمینه در مدارس برای دانش آموزان  پیشنهاد می شود.

جامعه شناسی حقوق گاهی در ان هنگام که تلاش دارد تا تصویری قانونمند از جامعه ارایه دهد سخت با مشکل تعریف حقوقی روبرو می شود. چالشی که سالها ذهن حقوقدانان و جامعه شناسان را به خود مشغول کرده است موضوع تحلیل هویت است. هویت به مثابه حق فردی یا هویت به مثابه فرهنگ جمعی نزاعی نافرجام را برای دو نحله از جامعه شناسان حقوقی حقوقدان و جامعه شناسان حقوقی جامعه شناس به وجود اورده است. در این مقاله با مفروض گرفتن این چالش سعی شده از تا با تمرکز بر موضوع هویت ایرانی تحلیلی مبتنی بر حقوق طبیعی ارایه گردد. فرضیه این تحقیق ان است که هویت به عنوان یک حق بنیادین بیرون از جامعه رشد کرده است و هویت به مثابه فرهنگ اگر هم حقوقی تفسیر شود حقی در دامن حقوق وضعی است که به تحلیل جامعه شناسان نزدیک تر است. انچه زیبایی مدعایی این بررسی را بیشتر جلوه گر می کند نوعی ارایه راه حل برای بیراهه های تحلیلی از وضعیت هویت ایرانی در طی چند قرن اخیر است.

Background: The expansion of the use of audio and video media technology has faced society with many medical, cultural and economic challenges. In the meantime, excessive use of mobile phones can cause many problems. Objective: The aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire on Physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones. Method: The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational and confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all citizens of Khorramabad with a diploma or higher in 1399, which was selected as a statistical sample by available sampling method of 200 people online and virtual. Results: The results showed that the factorized Physical and psychological harm questionnaire of cell phone with 42 questions and 10 components (fear of loss, vibration syndrome, duck syndrome, nomophobia, insomnia, hearing problem, eye syndrome, tunnel and neck syndrome SMS) and has good reliability, validity and flexibility in terms of psychometrics. Discussion and Conclusion: The questionnaire of factor analysis of Physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones can be used to identify and study the Physical and psychological injuries of mobile phones.

ABSTRACT Despite a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior presented through empirical research, the results of these studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different Physical developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various Physical developments. The required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan in Tehran, Iran, as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. ANOVA test was exerted to analyze the significant difference between different development patterns in three neighborhoods. Dunnett's T3 was applied to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered that factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational centers and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores had been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a license, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods. Extended Abstract Introduction Finding factors affecting travel behavior has been one of the main concerns of transportation planners. However, in the last two decades, the importance of the influence of the features of the built environment, including land use, along with demographic-economic characteristics, travel behavior, and attitudes of people, has been raised by urban planners. Studies seek to find factors affecting travel behavior, especially land use characteristics. Despite presenting a wide range of components and criteria affecting travel behavior, the results of the studies are inconclusive, which could be due to the difference between these components and criteria in the study areas. Therefore, this research presented a method to determine which factors in different Physical developments affect travel behavior due to the differences in various Physical developments. In order to do this, it must first be determined whether the study areas/different development patterns have a significant difference in terms of travel behavior or not. In case of a positive answer to the previous question, the following question is which study areas caused this difference. The next question arises: -Which Physical and non-Physical characteristics affect travel behavior due to distinctions between different development patterns?   Methodology The present research method is analytical and experimental based on quantitative methods. This research chose the frequency of travel by private car, public transportation, and walking as the travel behavior. According to the research's purpose, indicators and criteria affecting travel behavior were extracted after reviewing the theoretical and experimental literature. Then, the required information was collected through 271 questionnaires at the level of three neighborhoods of Monirieh, Koye Bimeh, and Koye Golestan as the old, conventional, and new neighborhoods, respectively. The questionnaire was compiled as a Likert scale in five parts of travel information, demographic-economic characteristics, perceptual characteristics of land use, travel habits, and access preferences of people in choosing their residence. ANOVA test was used to analyze the significant difference between different groups of a characteristic (here, different development patterns or the three case studies). Dunnett T3 was exerted to determine which neighborhood caused the difference between groups. Also, the factors affecting travel behavior were obtained based on exploratory factor analysis indicators. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test and regression analysis, it was discovered which factors affecting travel behavior were due to the differences in study areas and which factors affect travel behavior regardless of development patterns.   Results and discussion This research aims to identify the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. In this regard, the findings in line with the first research question show that the frequency of three modes of travel, by private car, transportation, and pedestrian, differ significantly in the three neighborhoods. Furthermore, ANOVA test results depict that there is a significant difference between these three neighborhoods in terms of factors affecting travel behavior, such as perceptually environmental characteristics of the neighborhood, dependence and pro-liking for personal cars, variety and density of retail stores, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and car ownership. Finally, by comparing the results of the ANOVA test with the regression analysis assessing the relationship between Physical and non-Physical factors (the same indicators in the same study areas) with travel behavior, the factors affecting travel behavior owing to different development patterns were identified. Factors such as car ownership, dependence and pro-liking for private cars, density and access to educational units and parks, access to medical and service centers, and variety and density of retail stores have been introduced as the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in development patterns. However, proximity to the public transportation station, accessibility preferences in choosing a place of residence, dependence, and pro-liking for other than a private car, having a certificate, number of children under five years old, and age have influenced on travel behavior regardless of the variation between neighborhoods (different Physical development patterns).   Conclusion In In order to discover the factors affecting travel behavior due to the differences in patterns of Physical development, this research has provided a more detailed analysis of the factors affecting travel behavior. It has achieved more accurate components than previous studies in this regard. Detailed analysis of studies related to travel behavior and finding the main components affecting it, considering the extent of variables and data, can pave the way for professionals in transportation planning and urban planning, in addition to providing detailed methods and criteria in the related literature.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

با الگوی وارداتی برنامه ریزی شهری، بسیاری از ساختارهای فضایی شهر کهن اسلامی که در سرزمین ایران استقرار یافته بودند؛ دچار دگرگونی شده اند. شهر ری نیز از این تغییرات بی نصیب نمانده و دچار تحولات فراوانی در کالبد و بافت خود شده است. این پژوهش به دنبال شناخت مشخصه های هویت کالبدی شهر اسلامی (مسجد، بازار و محله) در شهر ری است. این مقاله سعی دارد به الگوی متداول از عناصر شهر اسلامی دست یافته و کارکرد آنها را تبیین نماید. همچنین به این سوال پاسخ دهد که آیا می توان شهر ری را به لحاظ مشخصه های کالبدی به عنوان شهری با هویت اسلامی شناخت؟ روش تحقیق توصیفی– تحلیلی است و با روش های اسنادی و مطالعات میدانی (از قبیل مشاهده) اطلاعات مورد نیاز جمع آوری شده است. یافته ها نشان می دهد که شهر ری در طول تاریخ تحول خود کارکردهای شهر اسلامی را به عنوان مرکز سیاسی، مذهبی و اداری از خود نشان داده است. در زمان کنونی نیز همین کارکردها را با چهره ای امروزین بازتاب می دهد. همچنین نتایج نشان می دهد که مشخصه های کالبدی شهر اسلامی در شهر ری قابل بازشناسی هستند و شهر ری در سرزمین ایران هویت یک شهر اسلامی را از نظر عناصر کالبدی داراست و کارکردهای لازم را ارائه می دهد.